Dorry Dolatkhah Laein; Reza Andam; Hassan Bahrololoum; David Clutterbuck
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to design and validate a model of academic coaching needs among physical education students.
Methodology: This applied study employed a descriptive–correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all students majoring in Physical Education and Sport ...
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Objective: The present study aimed to design and validate a model of academic coaching needs among physical education students.
Methodology: This applied study employed a descriptive–correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all students majoring in Physical Education and Sport Sciences at universities located in Educational Region 9 of Iran. In the exploratory factor analysis phase, 188 participants were selected, and in the confirmatory factor analysis phase, 200 participants were selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire comprising 35 items rated on a five-point Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying factor structure, while first- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine construct validity and assess model fit. Data were analyzed by using SPSS and LISREL software.
Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the 35 identified academic coaching functions were classified into five components: Adaptation and Well-being, Psychological Empowerment, Career Readiness, Academic Progress, and Academic Self-Management. These five factors collectively explained 66.86% of the total variance of the construct. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the adequacy of the measurement model and confirmed its acceptable fit.
Conclusion: The findings revealed that the academic coaching needs of physical education students are multidimensional and extend beyond mere academic support. The extracted model has good fit and can be used as a conceptual framework for designing academic coaching programs based on the needs of physical education students.
Mojtaba Rajabi; S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh; Reza Andam; Faezeh Abdollahnezhad
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to systematically investigate the use of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in sports management journals, and provide instructions and guidelines to apply this method.
Methodology: This study is a systematic review, and secondary data was used. ...
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Objective: This study aims to systematically investigate the use of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in sports management journals, and provide instructions and guidelines to apply this method.
Methodology: This study is a systematic review, and secondary data was used. 183 studies of all PLS-SEM studies in 14 journals of sport management, published between 2020 and 2022, were analyzed in terms of reasons for using PLS-SEM, data characteristics, model characteristics, evaluation of measurement models, structural model evaluation, reporting, and using advanced analysis.
Results: The results show that the researchers have indicated a few reasons to apply PLS-SEM, which majority of articles highlighted small sample size and lack of data normality. The results identified several issues in reporting the measurement model assessment, especially for measurement evaluation of second-order models. In addition, the findings show that most of studies have not considered reporting the advanced criteria for evaluating of structural model.
Conclusion: The results of this study assist researchers, reviewers and editors of journals to be more mindful, in future studies regarding the reporting of the results using PLS-SEM and avoid incorrect conclusions.
Abstract
Summary
The purpose of this research work was to study the effect of the ethical leadership style on the organizational justice with the moderating role of family conflict among the physical education teachers. The statistical population of this work consisted of all the physical education teachers ...
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Summary
The purpose of this research work was to study the effect of the ethical leadership style on the organizational justice with the moderating role of family conflict among the physical education teachers. The statistical population of this work consisted of all the physical education teachers in the city of Sari in Iran. The statistical sample of this work was 118 people, who were selected by the simple random sampling. For data collection, the demographic characteristic questionnaires, leadership questionnaire, organizational justice, and work-family conflict were used. The data obtained was analyzed using the partial least squares method. The results obtained showed that the ethical leadership style had a positive and significant effect on the organizational justice, and the work-family conflict did not play a moderating role in the relationship between the leadership style and the organizational justice. Also the PLS-MGA results obtained showed that there was no significant difference between the males and females. Considering the effect of the moral leadership style on the organizational justice, it can be suggested that the moral leaders pay a special attention to the employees' requirements and deficiencies through a fair communication and interaction, and consider the employees' issues and problems evenhandedly, and make group decisions in order to affect the people's perception about the organizational justice.
Introduction
The organizational justice refers to the way the employees are treated in a way that they feel that they are treated fairly. Justice is one of the most important characteristics of the ethical leaders. As a result, the ethical leadership style is expected to play a significant role in the implementation of the organizational justice. On the other hand, the work-family conflict is a case that affects the organizations and families, and causes interference in the performance of the work and family tasks. As a result, the organizations aiming for purpose, continuity, and survival are required to strengthen their link with the categories of organizational justice. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the moral leadership on the organizational justice with the moderating role of family conflict among the physical education teachers. The purpose of this research work was to study the effect of the ethical leadership on the organizational justice with the moderating role of the job-family conflict among the physical education teachers.
Methodology and Approach
This was a descriptive-correlational work that was conducted as a field research. The statistical population of this work consisted of all the physical education teachers in the city of Sari in Iran (N = 190). The statistical sample was determined as 118 people using the G-Power software, and were selected through the simple random sampling. After confirming the validity and reliability, the questionnaires from the Brown and Torino Harison's moral leadership style (2005), Niehoff and Morman's organizational justice (1993), and Carlson, Kakmar, and Williams' work-family conflict (2000) were used in order to collect the data. The descriptive statistics were used in order to describe the data, and the structural equation modeling was used for the inferential data analysis.
Results and Conclusion
The convergent validity, divergent validity, and instrument reliability were used to measure the fit of the measurement model. Also the multi-group analysis method (PLS-MGA) was used in order to compare the two groups of males and females. As a result, no significant difference in hypotheses was observed between the males and females. The results obtained showed that the ethical leadership style had a direct and significant effect on the organizational justice. Also the work-family conflict variable did not have a moderating role in the relationship between the moral leadership style and the organizational justice, and did not strengthen or weaken the relationship between these two variables. Considering the effect of the moral leadership style on the organizational justice, it can be suggested that the moral leaders pay a special attention to the employees' requirements and deficiencies through a fair communication and interaction, and consider the employees' issues and problems evenhandedly, and make group decisions in order to affect the people's perception about the organizational justice. In fact, the ethical leadership style creates a good atmosphere in the organization, and a good leader can provide more employee participation in order to promote the organizational justice.
Abstract
Summary
Each year, the sport events host thousands of tourists who come to participate and watch the games. Provision of a safe and secure environment for these tourists is necessary. Therefore, in this work, the role of management and planning in sport tourism security management is investigated, ...
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Summary
Each year, the sport events host thousands of tourists who come to participate and watch the games. Provision of a safe and secure environment for these tourists is necessary. Therefore, in this work, the role of management and planning in sport tourism security management is investigated, and the factors affecting the management and planning of event security are identified.
Introduction
Millions of spectators attend the sporting events annually, necessitating the provision of a safe and secure environment for these patrons in the sports tourism destinations. Despite the incidents such as the crowd problems, fires, bombs, structure collapses, and overcrowding as well as threats of terrorism in sport events, there must always be a mindset that the safety of sport tourism can potentially be compromised. In the area of security, the lack of planning can have devastating consequences and increase the likelihood of disaster. Thus, exploring the critical factors affecting the issues related to management and planning in the field of tourism security seem to be essential. In order to prevent the possible threats, the sports event authorities and organizers should be encouraged to focus on the strategies that might reduce the risks and threats, while developing the plans, policies, procedures, and effective security measures in order to enhance safety and security.
Methodology and Approach
The methodology of this research work was applied in terms of purpose, the data collection was descriptive-survey, and the research approach was mixed. 17 semi-structured interviews with the experts were conducted to provide the data on the main factors affecting the sport tourism security management. A 31-item questionnaire related to the impact of planning and managing on the security of the sport tourism was designed, and 240 keys answered them. The data obtained was analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in order to identify the factors involved, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) that was conducted to test the impact of the identified factors and items on the sports tourism security.
Results and Conclusions
The results obtained showed that planning and management were the main factors affecting the sport tourism security management. In addition, the human resource management, event management, risk management, crisis management, and collaborating event organizers as five sub-factors for planning and management affect the sports tourism security. According to the results obtained, a proper human resource management and the use of skilled manpower to ensure the security of sporting events as well as the proper planning and consideration of risk management and crisis approaches can increase the security and increase the satisfaction of the tourists present at the events.
