Mina Kamal Zare; Mohsen Bagheriyan Farahabadi; Ali Asghar Dorodiyan; Habib Honari
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and designing the mythology to mythology stability process in athletes. Methodology: The present research method was mixed. The statistical sample of the qualitative part included experts knowledgeable about the research topic. In ...
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Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and designing the mythology to mythology stability process in athletes. Methodology: The present research method was mixed. The statistical sample of the qualitative part included experts knowledgeable about the research topic. In order to identify these samples, the purposive sampling method was used. This sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 19 people were identified as samples in the qualitative part. Also, the statistical population of the present study in the quantitative part included coaches, sports teachers, families, athletes, fans and the general public of the sports community. The data collection tool in the present study included a semi-structured questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present study, coding and structural equation testing were used. All data analysis processes of the present study were carried out in SPSS, PLS and Maxqda software. Results: The results of the research showed that the process of the emergence of mythology to the stability of mythology includes components such as maintenance, symbolization, consolidation of mythology, living myth, dead myth, destruction, doubt and the end of mythology. According to the relationships, it was determined that maintenance has a significant effect on symbolization of 0.886 and symbolization has a significant effect on the consolidation of mythology of 0.896.
Seyed Hatef Mirdozandeh; Mohsen Bagheriyan Farahabadi; Habib Honari; Mehdi Emadi
Abstract
Objective: The present research was designed to provide a model for the development of sports organizations' human resources according to the capacities of Metaverse.
Methodology: The present research was one of the qualitative research projects carried out in the field. The qualitative method used ...
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Objective: The present research was designed to provide a model for the development of sports organizations' human resources according to the capacities of Metaverse.
Methodology: The present research was one of the qualitative research projects carried out in the field. The qualitative method used in this research was qualitative content analysis. The participants in the current research included experts who are knowledgeable about the research topic. The participants in this research were selected using purposeful sampling and the homogeneous sampling approach while observing the maximum diversity. This problem continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, 14 interviews were conducted in this regard. These people included experts who had full knowledge of the current research topic. The data collection tool in this research was a semi-structured interview.
Results: The results showed that the human resources development model of sports organizations, according to the metaverse capacities, includes dimensions such as educational capabilities, competence development, explaining policies, directing and maintaining human resources, and monitoring and evaluation.
Conclusion: The results showed that various factors such as personalization of education, quantitative and qualitative development of competencies, institutionalization of policies, excellence of human resources and monitoring of human resources can accelerate the development process of human resources of sports organizations according to metaverse capacities.
rahman javnmardi; farzad ghafouri; habib honari; Javad Shahlaee
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this work was to identify the effective factors in transition of football players from the amateur to the professional level in Iran.
Methodology: The research method was qualitative and based on the foundation data theory. Data analysis was done according to Glazer (1992). ...
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Objectives: The purpose of this work was to identify the effective factors in transition of football players from the amateur to the professional level in Iran.
Methodology: The research method was qualitative and based on the foundation data theory. Data analysis was done according to Glazer (1992). The population consisted of football experts (professional coaches, managers of the football federation of Iran, organizations of sports and youth, professional clubs and sport and physical education academies). The participants were interviewed, and the interviews stopped when we reached repetitive answers. In order to collect information in the first stage, the literature was reviewed. Then semi-structured interviews were done, which was carried out online because of pandemic. Validity, reliability, acceptability, transferability, and approvability were measured.
Results: The data analysis identified 245 primary codes. Then 120 primary independent code were created, and 20 sub-categories and 4 main categories (technical, academic and talent identification, and organizational and human resource factors) were identified as the factors affecting factors on transferring football players from the amateur to the professional level in Iran.
Conclusion: According to the findings, we recognized management factors including the development of technical and sports factors, supervision of football academies and schools, and the issue of talent acquisition, the review of relevant sports organizations and finally the empowerment of human resources in the field of football and also key tools to face with challenges of transition process. This, is turn, can facilitate transferring the young amateur players to the professional levels.
Abstract
Summary
The purpose of this work was to develop a model of sport retirement management. The study participants consisted of the retired athletes (N = 11) and sports experts (N = 4). Semi-structured interviews were used for data gathering, and the data obtained was analyzed using the thematic analysis. ...
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Summary
The purpose of this work was to develop a model of sport retirement management. The study participants consisted of the retired athletes (N = 11) and sports experts (N = 4). Semi-structured interviews were used for data gathering, and the data obtained was analyzed using the thematic analysis. A total of 78 sub-categories were obtained, and were classified into 7 main categories. These main categories formed the two themes of pre-retirement management and post-retirement management. By determining and creating a network between the themes and the categories and considering the two elements (athletes and sports organizations) that were involved in managing of sport retirement, a model for the sport retirement management was developed (Figure 1). According to the proposed model, there should be a proper interaction and cooperation between the athletes and the sports organizations before and after retirement in order to achieve a successful managing of sport retirement.
Introduction
Retirement from professional and elite sport is often a difficult and challenging transition. Studies has shown that it comes with psychological distress and costs to well-being for up to 39% of athletes, a figure that is almost double that associated with retirement from general workforce (1). It means that there is a higher probability of sport retirement turning into crises rather than other careers. The sport retirement literature shows that about 20% of the athletes experience the athletic retirement crisis. This crisis manifests itself as difficulties in the psychological, sociological, vocational, and economical aspects complemented by inability to adjustment to retirement (2, 3). An athlete facing a retirement crisis requires assistance and intervention, and therefore, it is necessary to manage sport retirement to prevent the incidence of crisis retirement and help the athletes who are in crisis.
Methodology and Approach
This study has an exploratory and applied nature, a participatory and constructivist paradigm, and an inductive approach that has been done qualitatively with the thematic analysis method. The study participants consisted of the male retired athletes and male sports experts. They were selected based on a combination of snowball, purposive, and criterion sampling methods.
The inclusion criterion for the retired athletes was that they had either retired from a professional or an elite level, and in line with the previous research, the time after their retirement would not be less than 6 months (that would give them time to experience the retirement course). To get a richer data, the retired athletes were selected from the following different groups: a) Athletes who were unemployed (N = 4), b) Athletes who were employed in the non-sport related jobs (N = 4), c) Athletes who were employed in the sport-related jobs (N = 3). These 11 retired athletes were between 29 t0 46 years of age, and had retired from the team (volleyball, handball, and water polo) and individual (badminton, karate, and wrestling) sports.
Using criterion and purposive sampling, 4 sports experts participated in the study. The sports experts were those who had a master or PhD degree in physical education and sport sciences. The inclusion criteria for sports experts was that they had either played at the professional or elite level, had done research in the field of sport retirement, and had a coaching background in the professional level. These participants were between 38 t0 53 years of age, 3 of them had a PhD degree and 1 of them had a master degree.
Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used for data gathering, and continued until theoretical saturation. 15 interviews (11 interviews with the retired athletes and 4 interviews with the sports experts) were conducted, and the data obtained was analyzed using the thematic analysis method (4). Throughout the study, several methods such as prolonged engagement and persistent observation, peer debriefing, member checking, and investigator triangulation were used to ensure analytic rigor (transferability, dependability or credibility, confirmability, and trustworthiness) (5).
Results and Conclusion
The data analysis resulted in obtaining 78 sub-categories that were classified into 7 main categories. The main categories formed the two themes of pre-retirement management and post-retirement management. The main categories including career planning, financial planning, prevention and treatment of sports injuries, and athlete preparation formed the theme of pre-retirement management. All of these categories aim to develop the athletes’ ability and knowledge to encounter the sport retirement phenomenon, effectively. The nature of these programs is mainly predictive and preventive, so they could be helpful in order to prevent the negative consequences of retirement.
On the other hand, the main categories include supportive programs, interventional programs, and counselling and training forming the theme of post-retirement management. These programs have a therapeutic and supportive nature. Thus these programs could be fruitful when an athlete has a specific problem that could not be solved by him (her) self.
It should also be noted that the athletes and sports organizations are the two main elements of sport retirement management. Finally, by determining and creating a network between the themes and the categories and considering the two elements (retired athletes and sports experts) that are involved in managing of sport retirement, a model for the sport retirement management was developed (Figure 1). The model offers strategies, solutions, instructions, and recommendations elicited by the retired athletes and sports experts to help deal with the transition process, positively.
Abstract
Summary
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of psychological empowerment on the attracting donors with the mediating role of creativity of the sports managers. The present work was a descriptive-correlational study of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this work ...
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Summary
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of psychological empowerment on the attracting donors with the mediating role of creativity of the sports managers. The present work was a descriptive-correlational study of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this work was the managers and deputies of the sports organizations including the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province, heads and public relations officials of sports federations, and managers and sports officials of Tehran Education Organization, who included 266 people. The results of the structural equations showed that the effect of psychological empowerment on creativity, the effect of creativity on the attracting donors, and the effect of psychological empowerment on the attracting donors were positive and significant. The results obtained also showed that psychological empowerment had an effect on the attracting donors by mediating the creativity of the sports managers. It is suggested that the relevant managers employ creative and innovative manpower in order to promote creativity in the organization.
Introduction
Waqf (Arabic for Endowment) as a source of scientific, cultural, socio-economic services in the society has been favored by the governments since they have not always been able to meet the human requirements (1). Sport plays an important role in the society's health. In order to accomplish the process of sports development in the sports organizations, and to support the government and the people, the presence of donors can be benefited (2). A factor influencing the attraction of donors is psychological empowerment among the sports managers (3). Moreover, one of the conditions of Gerber's intervention is attracting the donors of innovation and creativity (4). Empowering the staff of sports organizations through the role of creativity mediation is expected to play an effective role in the attracting donors as one of the goals of the sports organizations. As a result, the organizations that aim for efficiency and productivity strive to strengthen the attraction of sponsors by strengthening empowerment and creativity. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effect of psychological empowerment on the attraction of donors with the mediating role of creativity of the sports managers.
Methodology and Approach
The method and approach of this research work was correlational descriptive conducted in the field. The statistical population of this work was 266 managers of the sports organizations including the Department of Sport and Youth of Tehran, the managers and public relations officers of sports federations, and the managers and sports officials of the Tehran Department of Education. The sample of this work consisted of 157 people who, according to the Krejcie and Morgan table, were randomly selected from the relative stratified type to answer the questionnaires of the present work. The research instruments were the Kariminejad Marian (2011) psychological empowerment questionnaire, Afrozeh, Afrozeh and Kameli (2017), and Del Elo and Houghton (2008) (5-7) organizational creativity questionnaires. The inferential statistics were used in order to analyze the data using the SPSS and PLS smart software.
Results and Conclusion
Based on the results obtained, the empowerment effect on the attraction of donors and creativity, and also the effect of creativity on the attraction of donors were positive and significant. Based on the model fit indices, it can be concluded that the model fit is moderate, and the creativity mediation variable has a significant mediating role in the causal relationship of psychological empowerment in the attraction of donors. Considering the effect of psychological empowerment on the attraction of donors and creativity, as well as the creativity on the attraction of donors, it can be suggested to the sports managers to choose the necessary mechanisms to strengthen the psychological empowerment and creativity of the employees. In this regard, it is suggested that the relevant managers involve the employees in the preparation of the organizational vision statement and its goals, accept the constructive ideas, and use the feedback system in order to strengthen psychological empowerment. In addition, to solve the problem, they should use challenging decisions as one of the mechanisms to strengthen the creativity of the employees in the organization to be dynamic to achieve the goals of the organization, attracting donors in this case. In fact, psychological empowerment is one of the effective techniques to increase the employee productivity and optimal use of individual and group capacities to achieve the organizational goals, which in such situations, presenting creativity in the form of team activities leads the organization to continued successes.
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research work was to design and define a volunteering model for sport students in Iran.
Methodology: The research method used was of descriptive-correlation type, and was based upon the structural equation modeling. This statistical research work included all the physical ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research work was to design and define a volunteering model for sport students in Iran.
Methodology: The research method used was of descriptive-correlation type, and was based upon the structural equation modeling. This statistical research work included all the physical educational managers, MSc students and experts in the physical education department, professors and elites in sport management, strategic council of physical education and sport activities, and the ministry of physical education. The number of research samples in the random sampling method was determined to be 389 people. In order to ensure the reliability of the questionnaires through Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the sport student volunteering management questionnaire was estimated to be 0.88. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis test, and confirmatory factor analysis.
Results: Based on the findings of this study, eight areas were identified in the field of volunteering management in sport students, which included planning, organizing, recruiting, knowing and teaching, choosing and selecting, preservation and maintenance, and appreciating and performance evaluation.
Conclusion: According to the nature of sport program performance in physical education that is done in a high level in terms of human force and costs, the low budget of this organization in protracted years and use of volunteer force in studying student sport seem to be very important.
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this work was modeling the effects of human resource management policies and their outcomes on the organizational performance.
Methodology: The research method was of descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population was 466 experts in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. ...
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Objective: The purpose of this work was modeling the effects of human resource management policies and their outcomes on the organizational performance.
Methodology: The research method was of descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population was 466 experts in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Using the krejcie-Morgan table, the sample size was determined to be 214. However, 320 questionnaires were distributed. From the 312 cases returned, 294 questionnaires were suitable, which were considered as the sample size. The research instrument included the basic demographic information, standardized by the researchers. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the sport management professors, and their reliability was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to identify the dimensions of the variables and construct their validity, the confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis was used. The data analysis was performed by the Pearson correlation, multiple regression, factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling techniques with the SPSS and LISREL softwares.
Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed five dimensions for the human resource management policies, four dimensions for the human resource management outcomes, and two dimensions for the organizational performance. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the items had alignment with the theoretical construction. The results of testing model indicated that it had good fit in target population. Path analysis showed that organizational performance was influenced by the human resource management policies, directly and indirectly. The human resource management policies had a greater coefficient effect on the organizational performance compared with the human resource management outcomes.
Conclusion: It is suggested that the organizations providie those requirements that affect favorable attitudes promoting organizational performance and adopt human resource management policies that are fit together and support each other based on the dimentions of the proposed research model.
