Yousef Yavari; Saba Artik; Rasoul Faraji
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to analyze and precisely identify the challenges and problems in karate refereeing in East Azerbaijan Province.
Methodology: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The statistical population consisted of male and female ...
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Objective: The present study aims to analyze and precisely identify the challenges and problems in karate refereeing in East Azerbaijan Province.
Methodology: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The statistical population consisted of male and female referees with a minimum of three years of experience officiating at provincial, national, or international levels. Purposeful sampling was employed, selecting 12 referees (8 female and 4 male, with an average age of 42) until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews (each lasting 30 to 45 minutes) and analyzed using Collaizi seven-step method.
Findings: The results revealed that East Azerbaijan Province possesses significant potential in terms of distinguished referees and young talent; however, only a limited portion of this potential is actively utilized. The main identified challenges include high costs associated with referee grade promotion, inadequate financial support, insufficient infrastructure and standard equipment, inefficient competition management, conflicts arising from different karate styles, lack of meritocracy, and the occurrence of bias in the refereeing process.
Conclusion: To improve the state of karate refereeing in the province, structural and supportive reforms are necessary. Strengthening financial and motivational support, upgrading refereeing infrastructure and equipment, training sports managers, institutionalizing meritocracy, and managing stylistic conflicts can enhance fairness, increase referee participation, and restore the province’s standing at national and international levels.
Zahra Ranjgar; Mahdi Bashiri; Yousef Yavari
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to presenting an occupational socialization model for physical education teachers. Methodology: Employing a quantitative, applied research approach with a survey method, the study targeted all PE teachers in the province (N = 1,294). Using the Krejcie-Morgan table, a sample ...
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Objective: This study aimed to presenting an occupational socialization model for physical education teachers. Methodology: Employing a quantitative, applied research approach with a survey method, the study targeted all PE teachers in the province (N = 1,294). Using the Krejcie-Morgan table, a sample of 297 participants was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Vasquez & Wallhead (2023) questionnaire, with validity confirmed via content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Reliability was established through Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Factor prioritization revealed: Acculturation (coaching orientation) as the most influential, Acculturation (teaching orientation) second, Organizational socialization third, and Occupational socialization fourth. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and bootstrap testing in Smart PLS-3 demonstrated strong model validity, with a second-order correlation coefficient of 0.703 and a GoF index of 0.861.Conclusion: The findings underscore that occupational socialization significantly impacts educational quality. Strategic investments in teacher training, mentorship, and supportive work environments can enhance PE teachers’ socialization, thereby improving educational outcomes.
