Yousef Yavari; Saba Artik; Rasoul Faraji
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to analyze and precisely identify the challenges and problems in karate refereeing in East Azerbaijan Province.
Methodology: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The statistical population consisted of male and female ...
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Objective: The present study aims to analyze and precisely identify the challenges and problems in karate refereeing in East Azerbaijan Province.
Methodology: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The statistical population consisted of male and female referees with a minimum of three years of experience officiating at provincial, national, or international levels. Purposeful sampling was employed, selecting 12 referees (8 female and 4 male, with an average age of 42) until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews (each lasting 30 to 45 minutes) and analyzed using Collaizi seven-step method.
Findings: The results revealed that East Azerbaijan Province possesses significant potential in terms of distinguished referees and young talent; however, only a limited portion of this potential is actively utilized. The main identified challenges include high costs associated with referee grade promotion, inadequate financial support, insufficient infrastructure and standard equipment, inefficient competition management, conflicts arising from different karate styles, lack of meritocracy, and the occurrence of bias in the refereeing process.
Conclusion: To improve the state of karate refereeing in the province, structural and supportive reforms are necessary. Strengthening financial and motivational support, upgrading refereeing infrastructure and equipment, training sports managers, institutionalizing meritocracy, and managing stylistic conflicts can enhance fairness, increase referee participation, and restore the province’s standing at national and international levels.
fereshteh nabizadeh; leyli safari
Abstract
Purpose: Social participation in university sport volunteering is an important component of social capital and the cultural development of higher education institutions. This study aimed to develop a context-sensitive model for strengthening social participation in sport volunteering at Iranian universities.
Methodology: ...
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Purpose: Social participation in university sport volunteering is an important component of social capital and the cultural development of higher education institutions. This study aimed to develop a context-sensitive model for strengthening social participation in sport volunteering at Iranian universities.
Methodology: The study adopted a qualitative research strategy, an inductive approach, and Strauss and Corbin’s systematic grounded theory method. Fifteen experts and practitioners in sport management, university sport, volunteering, and cultural affairs were selected through purposive, theoretical, and snowball sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA 2020.
Findings: The analysis yielded 214 initial codes, which were condensed into 59 concepts and 21 main categories. Axial coding organized the categories into causal conditions, the core phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. Selective coding integrated them into six higher-order dimensions: individual-personality, structural-environmental, social-interactional, social-value, educational-developmental, and volunteer commitment and social capital. Limited resources, weak institutional support, administrative bureaucracy, and cultural barriers were identified as the main constraints on sustained participation.
Conclusion: Sustainable participation in university sport volunteering requires the coordinated strengthening of social capital, organizational support, participatory learning, transparent volunteer-management processes, and a supportive university culture. A phased and feasible management system linking recruitment, role clarification, training, support, recognition, and evaluation can help universities transform students’ initial motivation into active and enduring participation. This approach strengthens students’ belonging, responsibility, skills, and long-term engagement within universities.
Mina Kamal Zare; Mohsen Bagheriyan Farahabadi; Ali Asghar Dorodiyan; Habib Honari
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and designing the mythology to mythology stability process in athletes. Methodology: The present research method was mixed. The statistical sample of the qualitative part included experts knowledgeable about the research topic. In ...
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Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and designing the mythology to mythology stability process in athletes. Methodology: The present research method was mixed. The statistical sample of the qualitative part included experts knowledgeable about the research topic. In order to identify these samples, the purposive sampling method was used. This sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 19 people were identified as samples in the qualitative part. Also, the statistical population of the present study in the quantitative part included coaches, sports teachers, families, athletes, fans and the general public of the sports community. The data collection tool in the present study included a semi-structured questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present study, coding and structural equation testing were used. All data analysis processes of the present study were carried out in SPSS, PLS and Maxqda software. Results: The results of the research showed that the process of the emergence of mythology to the stability of mythology includes components such as maintenance, symbolization, consolidation of mythology, living myth, dead myth, destruction, doubt and the end of mythology. According to the relationships, it was determined that maintenance has a significant effect on symbolization of 0.886 and symbolization has a significant effect on the consolidation of mythology of 0.896.
Mohsen Vahdani; Amir Hossein Labbaf
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by volunteers during the 16th Cultural and Sports Olympiad for male university students in Iran, hosted by the University of Isfahan.
Methodology: The research method was qualitative and applied with a specific purpose. The study population ...
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Objective: This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by volunteers during the 16th Cultural and Sports Olympiad for male university students in Iran, hosted by the University of Isfahan.
Methodology: The research method was qualitative and applied with a specific purpose. The study population included event volunteers and managers. Participants were selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in interviews with 15 volunteers and five managers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews lasting 20 to 30 minutes each. Braun and Clarke's six-step method was used for data analysis. Strategies such as rich descriptions, ethical considerations, peer review, critical friends, and member checking were employed to ensure the credibility of the findings.
Results: The results revealed four main themes: managerial challenges, support and empowerment challenges, emotional and motivational challenges, and social and cultural challenges. Managerial challenges included four sub-themes: time management and planning, volunteer organization, communication and team coordination, and legal and contractual issues. Support and empowerment challenges encompassed four sub-themes: provision of equipment and financial resources, physical support and care, training and capacity building, and safety and security. Emotional and motivational challenges included two sub-themes: volunteer motivation and satisfaction, and psychological-emotional difficulties. Finally, social and cultural challenges consisted of two sub-themes: interpersonal conflicts and issues, and cultural challenges.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the training and empowerment process of volunteers in sporting events requires precise planning and the implementation of appropriate training programs. Additionally, proper support, specialized capacity-building in various dimensions, and addressing volunteers' basic needs (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) can significantly mitigate potential challenges.
Ahmed Hameed Jawad; Saeid Tabesh; Morteza Dousti
Abstract
Objective: The present research aimed to design a model of human resource development indicators within the Iraqi basketball system. This study was applied in nature and conducted qualitatively.
Methodology: The prevailing framework of the research was pragmatism, employing a grounded theory ...
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Objective: The present research aimed to design a model of human resource development indicators within the Iraqi basketball system. This study was applied in nature and conducted qualitatively.
Methodology: The prevailing framework of the research was pragmatism, employing a grounded theory strategy with a Glaser approach. The data collection sources included a literature review and semi-structured interviews. Participants in this study consisted of senior sports managers in Iraq, members of the federation and basketball association managers, faculty members from physical education faculty, basketball club managers, coaches, referees, and athletes. Purposeful sampling was utilized, employing a snowball method. The interviews reached theoretical saturation at 15 participants but were extended to 17 for greater assurance. MAXQDA software was used for coding, and the final model was developed. After data analysis and initial examination by the researcher, open, selective, and theoretical codes were ultimately identified.
Results: The data analysis yielded 68 concepts, 16 subcategories, and five main categories: managers and staff (organization, planning, finance), referees (training, commitment, scientific), spectators (facilities, services, emotions), players (promotion and development, functional, economic), and coaches (technical, specialization, support, psychological).
Conclusion: A primary focus in the development of human resources within the basketball system is the aspect of management. By concentrating on effective human resource management, talents can be identified, and employee performance can be enhanced. Additionally, the role of the coach, acting as an intermediary between management and players, is crucial for achieving success in sports arenas. Prioritizing objectives for players results from interaction with management and having a creative, well-trained coach. Based on the findings of this research, sports officials are encouraged to focus on human resources, enhance the educational system, and retain talented individuals to advance basketball in Iraq.
Amir Orly; Mahdi Talebpour; Javad Mohammad Khani; Vahid Saatchian; Saeed khayatmoghadam
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the factors influencing the development of the productivity of human capital of the fire department and safety services through sports activities in the metropolis of Mashhad.Methodology: The current research is practical in terms of its purpose ...
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Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the factors influencing the development of the productivity of human capital of the fire department and safety services through sports activities in the metropolis of Mashhad.Methodology: The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of the nature of the research, it is in the category of exploratory research, which was carried out using a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. The statistical population of the qualitative part included sports managers of Mashhad metropolis, managers of the fire department and safety services of Mashhad metropolis, professors of sports management and experts in the concepts of human capital productivity. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all the employees of the fire department and safety services of Mashhad metropolis. The method of data analysis was used in the qualitative part, foundational data theory and to provide a quantitative model of structural equation modeling with SmartPLS version 3 software.Results: The findings showed that the effective factors on the development of human capital productivity through sports activities include 47 open codes in the form of 9 concepts and two categories of professional factors and motivational-support factors. Also, the findings of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the identified items and components explain the effective factors on the development of the productivity of the human capital of the fire department and safety services through sports activities in the metropolis of Mashhad, and the conceptual model of the department Quality confirmed.Conclusion: The productivity of human resources in the fire department and safety services through sports activities depends on many factors and components. Take action and in the next step, in-service training should be done continuously by the best trainers of Iran.
Fatemeh Saeedi; Noshin Benar; Seyed Reza Miraskari
Abstract
Objective: This research combined previous research to analyze the barriers to employment in the Iranian sports labor market at three levels: micro, meso, and macro.Methodology: This qualitative study uses a meta-synthesis approach and the qualitative content analysis method. The statistical population ...
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Objective: This research combined previous research to analyze the barriers to employment in the Iranian sports labor market at three levels: micro, meso, and macro.Methodology: This qualitative study uses a meta-synthesis approach and the qualitative content analysis method. The statistical population included all domestic studies conducted between 1380 and 1402. In this way, 31 articles were purposefully selected. Using Sandlowski and Barroso's (2007) seven-step model, the findings of previous research related to the research objectives were reviewed, aggregated, synthesized, and interpreted. Using the ocoding method's identification and validation was confirmed through Cohen's kappa test (0.617).Results: Based on the findings, the barriers to employment in the sports labor market are classified into 66 sub-themes and 13 main themes at three levels: micro, meso, and macro.Conclusion: The findings of this study show that employment in the Iranian sports labor market faces numerous obstacles. To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive and long-term approach by policymakers, managers, economic actors, and job seekers in this field is essential. At the micro level, skills training and strengthening personal characteristics; at the meso level, reforming the educational system, creating a labor market system, developing a strategic plan, strengthening sports-related associations and institutions, and increasing support; at the macro level, economic reforms, improving political relations, social support, technological advancement, and legal changes can lead to the creation of new and sustainable job opportunities in Iranian sports.
Tahmaseb Shirvani; AliReza Omidi; Somayeh Safari
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present research work was to develop a model of organizational virtue based on professional ethics and organizational justice of the employees of sports and youth departments in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province.
Methodology: The current research work was applied in ...
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Objective: The purpose of the present research work was to develop a model of organizational virtue based on professional ethics and organizational justice of the employees of sports and youth departments in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province.
Methodology: The current research work was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection; it was field and correlation type. The statistical population of the research work included all employees of sports and youth departments of the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provincs (161 people). The statistical sample is selected as a total number and equal to the statistical population. The research tools included Niehoff and Moorman (2006) organizational justice questionnaires, Kirsten et al.'s professional ethics (2011), and Cameron et al.'s (2004) organizational virtue questionnaires. In this research work, content and construct validity were used to determine the validity of the questionnaires. Also in order to measure reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability were used, the findings of which indicated the reliability and validity of the measuring tool (Cronbach's alpha was 0.9 for organizational justice, 0.86 for professional ethics, 0.87 for organizational virtue, and 0.88 overall). Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.
Findings: The research results showed that the proposed research model has a good fit. There is a direct and meaningful relationship between justice and organizational virtue, and almost 60% of this relationship is explained through the mediating variable of professional ethics of employees.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it is concluded that organizational justice through increasing professional ethics will lead to the development of organizational virtue, and in order to increase organizational virtue, managers should pay special attention to strengthening professional ethics and organizational justice.
Abstract
Summary
The present research work is conducted with the general purpose of developing a social capital return model for the role of sports volunteers in Iran. The causal, contextual, and intervening factors of developing the social capital return model for the role of sports volunteers, and finally, ...
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Summary
The present research work is conducted with the general purpose of developing a social capital return model for the role of sports volunteers in Iran. The causal, contextual, and intervening factors of developing the social capital return model for the role of sports volunteers, and finally, determining the strategies and messages related to it are investigated in a specific research format.
In terms of the purpose, the research work includes the category of fundamental research, and in terms of design, it is an exploratory research type, and is carried out using the data theory. An important source of research data collection is the interviews with the university professors, sports managers, and experts in the field of sports volunteering using the purposeful sampling method and the snowball sampling technique. Coding is done in three stages: open coding, focal coding, and theoretical coding. By analyzing the data obtained from 13 semi-structured interviews with the experts and the literature and the theoretical foundations of the subject and documents, the research work tries to provide a model for the return of social capital for sports volunteering.
Introduction
It is believed that voluntary activities promote social cohesion and trust at a wide level of society (1). Sports and recreation represent a very important part of volunteering in the world (2), and is able to create an environment for the development of relationships in the societies, which can lead to an increase in social capital and understanding of common symbols and creating understanding between the people, and ultimately social cohesion (3). The volunteers in sport experience positive outcomes through participation in sport programs for development including growing communication networks, building social capital, and better integration into their local communities (4). Currently, the necessity of dealing with social capital and its importance in the sports industry is more important than in the past, and is recognized as a key element in sports (5, 6).
In fact, the social function of voluntary activities in sports events in the development and strengthening of social relations is an underlying and fundamental function that has significant effects on the structure of society and the existing relations between social strata, and if it is not placed in the right context, it cannot be the correctness expected from social returns and long-term effects in the society. Therefore, the current research work is looking for the question of what role does volunteering in the sports events play in the return of social capital.
Methodology and Approach
The nature of the current research work was fundamental exploration, and its approach was qualitative, which used the foundation's data strategy. In this work, the systematic plan of Strauss and Corbin strategy was used for data collection and analysis. The participants of the research work were 13 experts and experts in the field of sports volunteering and social capital, and university professors and managers active in the field of sports volunteering, who were selected as the participants in a snowball. Deep, open, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. All interviews were recorded. After the interviews, the findings were analyzed using the logical inductive method. In the first stage, 563 open codes were extracted from the interviews conducted with the experts. The second stage of coding data was into axial coding; then the central codings were combined, and the content of each of them was put in the form of theoretical codes and then selected codes.
Results and Conclusion
The investigated phenomenon of social capital return research is based on the role of sports volunteers. The necessities and challenges that have raised the need to provide a social capital return model based on the role of sports volunteers are considered as the causal conditions, which include organizational incentives such as cost management and succession management; personal motivations such as liberation and development became personal. The categories of behavioral contexts and formal contexts were considered as the background conditions. The background conditions include social factors including collaborative culture, social approval, and social capital. The individual factors are such as personal concept and personal ability; they formed the macro and organizational management factors.
The motivational, environmental, and organizational categories act as the intervention conditions that work to improve the investigated phenomenon, i.e. return of social capital based on the role of sports volunteers. The cultural factors are such as mistrust and weak teamwork. the structural factors such as administrative processes and the need for special expertise were mentioned as the intervening conditions in this field. In this research work, training, control, and supervision as well as operational strategies have been considered as a strategy to control and respond to the investigated phenomenon, and the promotion strategies include training and learning and spreading the culture of volunteerism. Appreciation and selection including reward system and promotion system were expressed.
Improving individual performance, organization and maintaining volunteering culture, human and financial resource management and organizational flexibility, social reflections such as improvement of social literacy, and return of social capital were among the identified consequences of this research work.
It is important to know how people are affected by volunteering, and also how these effects are reflected in the experiences afterwards. Neglecting this discussion makes the volunteer vulnerable after the event and calls for a better management of the final stages of the volunteer trip as an important challenge considering the limitations in volunteering for sports events. Therefore, it is recommended to pay a proper attention to this issue by training and educating the volunteer managers who are aware and alert to this category. The functions of the sports volunteering system are very diverse, which are different from job orientation, knowledge dissemination, legitimization, entrepreneurship, and creativity, and it is a huge source of opportunities that can be the source of huge changes by entering traditional organizations. It is suggested that the officials of the sports system pay special attention to this category.
Abstract
Summary
Sports is a vast and global social phenomenon that is rooted in the lives of young people and adults, men and women. The purpose of this research work is to investigate the impact of social marketing on the development of women's sports in the Ardabil province with the role of mediator of social ...
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Summary
Sports is a vast and global social phenomenon that is rooted in the lives of young people and adults, men and women. The purpose of this research work is to investigate the impact of social marketing on the development of women's sports in the Ardabil province with the role of mediator of social vitality. It is concluded that the development of women's sports among people, as a part of culture, requires long-term planning and having a codified plan with a marketing approach necessary to reach the desired goal.
Introduction
Considering the role and importance of sports in the human life, can people's behavior and attitudes be changed? At the end, this issue has occupied the researcher's mind, why, despite all these numerous research works, the problem of the lack of orientation of the people of the society, especially the women, towards public sports has not been solved in a satisfactory way, and the people of the society have such a desire to participate in public sports. Therefore, the purpose of this research work was to investigate the effect of social marketing on the development of women's sports in the Ardabil province with the role of mediating social vitality.
Methodology and Approach
The current research work was an applied one in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and content, and field data collection. The population of this research work was the female clients of sports clubs in the Ardabil province, as well as women active in parks and morning sports and open places, which was assumed to be unlimited due to the unknown number of female athletes and non-athletes active in clubs and parks. The number of samples in this research work was 6 times the number of identified items by stratified random method, and according to the identification of 75 items, the sample number was 450 people. After collecting the questionnaires, 442 ones were collected, 430 of which were complete and were analyzed. The research tool included the Afarinesh (2007) general sports development questionnaire with 33 questions, which measured the strategies for the development of general sports in the form of 9 dimensions. The components of this questionnaire included the role of mass media, promotion and advertising, places and facilities, leisure time, private sector investment, means of transportation, sports budget, economic situation, and expert human resources. This questionnaire was scored based on a 5-point Likert scale from very low (1 point) to very high (5 points). The Tamizhifar and Azizimehr's social vitality questionnaire (2017) with 13 questions was scored on a five-point Likert scale from very low (1 point) to very high (5 points). The Saberi et al.'s social marketing questionnaire (2018) included 30 questions in 7 components, which included effectiveness, trust, access, price, product, variety, and promotion. The SPSS software was used for descriptive statistics, and the Smart PLS software was used for path analysis and determining the relationship between the variables using structural equation modeling.
Results and Conclusion
Based on Figure 1, it is clear that first in the social marketing department, all the seven dimensions access (0.87), diversity (0.87), promotion (0.87), trust (0.83), product (0.75), price (0.74), and effectiveness (0.71), respectively, had a significant role in explaining social marketing. In the development of public sports, all the nine dimensions private sector (0.87), transportation (0.86), places and facilities (0.85), promotion and advertising (0.84), leisure time (84. 0), mass media (0.77), sports budget (0.76), economic situation (0.76), and specialized human resources (0.74), respectively, had a significant role in explaining the development of public sports. Also based on the path analysis, it was determined that social marketing had a positive and significant effect on the development of public sports with a coefficient of 0.56. Social marketing had a positive and meaningful effect on social vitality with a coefficient of 0.78. Social vitality with a coefficient of 0.35 had a positive and significant effect on the development of public sports. Finally, the development of women's sports among people as a part of culture requires long-term planning and having a written program with a marketing approach necessary to reach the desired goal. Finally, the beneficiaries, managers, and marketers are suggested to pay attention to the categories of social vitality for the development of women's public sports because in this way they can attract the opinions of more users. The social marketing training courses should be held for the employees of sports and youth departments, physical education departments of municipalities, and all those who are somehow related to sports activities. Also make these communities familiar with the range of recreational sports activities and their capabilities. Carry out promotional activities and extensive communication about the benefits of recreational sports through mass media and social networks. Famous and popular sports and artistic people should be used to emphasize the benefits of participation in the recreational sports activities. The successful campings that have been done in connection with social marketing about sports and physical activity should be modeled, and such campings should be held in different regions of the country. Also make leisure cards available to the people and inform them about the benefits of having these cards. In the mountainous and western regions of the country, emphasis should be placed on the recreational sports related to mountains. In the desert areas, the focus is on the recreational sports related to the desert. Water activities should be used for recreational sports in coastal areas or with raging rivers, and in the same way, the capabilities of the country's four seasons should be used to institutionalize the recreational sports.
Abstract
Summary
The purpose of this work was to identify and model the factors affecting the branding of the personality traits of the volunteers in the sports events. The approach of the present research work was qualitative, and in terms of purpose, it was a developmental research that was conducted using ...
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Summary
The purpose of this work was to identify and model the factors affecting the branding of the personality traits of the volunteers in the sports events. The approach of the present research work was qualitative, and in terms of purpose, it was a developmental research that was conducted using the grounded theory. The findings showed three factors as the causal conditions, five factors as the contextual conditions, and six factors as the intervening conditions for the branding personality traits of the sports volunteers in the Iranian sporting events. It is suggested that in order to brand the personality of the sports volunteers, great importance should be given to the behaviors of the volunteers, and efforts should be made to promote their individual and social behavior.
Introduction
Nowadays, branding for sports personalities has increased, and branding different products has become very important. This type of branding also has many advantages for the personalities that have been shown in various studies (1). If the sports volunteers work to strengthen their brand and put a good and lasting image of themselves in the minds of the sports managers, not only will they never be forgotten but they can continue to shine and last for many years at the sporting events. Therefore, considering the importance of branding the personality traits of sports volunteers, creating a favorable image of the sports volunteers to sports and guidance available to the managers of the sports institutions and organizations to select sports volunteering will help, this work seeks to analyze the factors affecting the branding of personality traits of the volunteers in the sports events.
Methodology and Approach
The approach of the present research work was qualitative, and from the viewpoint of purpose, it was of the type of developmental research, which was done by the grounded theory method with the approach of Strauss and Corbin. In this research work, a systematic method attributed to Strauss and Corbin was used in order to analyze the data. The systematic method itself has the three main stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding (2). This method is used when there has not been much research work in this field before, and there is no specific pattern for it, and the existing patterns do not help to solve the problem (3). The data collection method was the semi-structured interviews. The interview process was conducted with 15 experts including the organizers of the sporting events, the people who had volunteered at the sporting events, and the professors who specialized in branding. The sampling method was snowball, and continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. Half of the interviews were conducted in person, and the other half through WhatsApp cyberspace and recording and sending voice in such a way that the questions were asked and the interviewer recorded and sent his explanations. In order to prevent bias in the analysis of the qualitative data and research validity, two independent coders were used, and finally, based on the internal agreement of the two coders, the categories and codes were categorized. It is worth mentioning that the interviews were as follow: with 6 professors of sports management who were specialized in sports marketing, with 2 professors of sports psychology to give complete information about the internal angles and personality, 5 organizers of the sports events who had a history of supervising all competitions, chairing the volunteer committee and chairing the public relations, and advertising committee, and with 3 people who had a history of volunteering in at least two university sports events.
Results and Conclusion
As a general conclusion, it should be noted that the sports volunteers, despite the fact that they may be considered insignificant and their personality issues are not taken into account, it is clear that the volunteers are an integral part of the sports and sporting events, so their personality traits should be considered. It is suggested that in order to brand the personality of the sports volunteers, great importance should be given to the behaviors of the volunteers, and efforts should be made to promote their individual and social behaviors. Since the contextual conditions also has the greatest role compared to the causal and intervening conditions, attention to them is also a priority. Since the intervening conditions play the most important role in determining the strategies, it is suggested that in order to improve the level of the sports volunteers, to promote public and professional relations, their individual characteristics such as personal ability, knowledge, and skills should be considered. It is suggested that in order to brand the personality of the sports volunteers, great importance should be given to the behaviors of the volunteers, and efforts should be made to promote their individual and social behaviors. Since the contextual conditions also has the greatest role compared to the causal and intervening conditions, attention to them is also a priority. For this reason, before holding the sporting events, the training classes should be held, and each sports volunteer should be employed in different parts according to their abilities in order to increase the efficiency of the sports volunteers. It is also suggested that the best volunteers promote the sporting events to boost their morale and motivate other volunteers to higher positions in the subsequent events or to be introduced to the international events such as the Olympics and the Asian Games, which attract the volunteers from all over the world. Use the sports volunteers with a positive track record in the future events but not just as a volunteer force. Rather, give them a more formal authority to encourage the other sports volunteers to promote them. It is also recommended that there is a constant communication with the candidates, give people a professional personality, and apply their viewpoint, and certification and scoring should be on the agenda. It is in this way that the spirit of volunteering is institutionalized in the society and sports of the country.
Abstract
Summary
Considering the special nature of university sport events and specific target group participating in the event, managing the volunteers in such events needs to have certain characteristics and meet special needs. The volunteer managers are encouraged to implement Human Resource (HR) practices ...
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Summary
Considering the special nature of university sport events and specific target group participating in the event, managing the volunteers in such events needs to have certain characteristics and meet special needs. The volunteer managers are encouraged to implement Human Resource (HR) practices and models including Human Resource Architecture (HRA) model in working with the volunteers (1). In order to do so, identifying the components affecting the volunteer HRA model will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of volunteer management in the university sport events.
Introduction
Volunteers make up a key component of the human resources, and play a critical role in organizing the university sport events (2). The increasing emphasis on the professional management of volunteers suggests that the human resource management approaches and models have the potential to influence the volunteering outcomes (3). Therefore, implementation of the human resource architecture (HRA) model is recommended in order to help the volunteer managers to achieve the required combination of volunteers with different abilities, interests, and skills (4). Applying such a model for volunteer management requires identifying all the components and factors that can affect the volunteer HRA model, and determine its effectiveness in volunteer management (5).
Methodology and Approach
This study was a field-research in terms of the data collection methods, and fundamental and applied according to the application. The studied population was the experts in the field of human resource management, volunteering, and university sports, and 19 people were selected as the research sample participating in the research work. The data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The validity of the research work was confirmed by showing the process of analyzing the interviews to the experts and research reliability in terms of methodology and content; the accuracy of different aspects of research from collection to data analysis was investigated by asking two experts in the field who had no connection to the research work. By their confirmation on the procedures and methods of collecting and interpreting the data, the research audit was approved.
Results and Conclusion
Based on the interviews’ findings, 84 initial codes were obtained, and divided into five main categories including human resource management architecture drivers, human resource management architecture elements, human resource architecture development barriers, human resource architecture strategic systems, and human resource management architecture functions. The results obtained show that implementing the human resource architecture model in managing the volunteers in the university sports events, through the optimal knowledge of the elements and drivers of volunteer human resource architecture, by using the related strategic systems and trying to overcome the barriers in the development of the volunteer HRA model could lead to the achievement of volunteer human resource architecture functions for event stakeholders. Eventually, by maintaining the motivation and commitment of the volunteers, the process of socialization of the volunteers would be facilitated; they would have sufficient expertise and would feel valuable. On the other hand, the findings showed that by improving the performance of the volunteers, the efficiency and effectiveness of the event could be increased, and a more favorable experience of the event would be provided to the participants in the event (including the athletes, coaches, spectators, etc.).
