Abstract

Summary
In today's world, sports are no longer considered as an activity for the vitality and health of the individual's soul and spirit; rather, the political, economic, social, and cultural functions issues and their impacts on the international relations of governments require a different and more intelligent look at this phenomenon (1). The social and cultural effects of this phenomenon have made it more necessary to pay attention to it in such a way that the sports elites and champion athletes of any country are precious assets that should be preserved and developed. In fact, the well-known athletes at the national and global level become one of the famous symbols of their society, and that is cause of this reason that the developed countries, realizing this importance, try to use the capacity of their great and well-known athletes in the fields benefited in different ways (2). If these athletes are neglected or if there are no suitable conditions for their growth and development, the possibility of their country moving towards destinations that provide opportunities for them, it will not be impossible (3). Therefore, this work was conducted with the aim of identifying the antecedent and postoperative factors of human capital flight.
Introduction
The necessity and importance of paying attention to the issue of human capital migration is to the extent that this phenomenon, if it occurs, will have many consequences for the countries where the human capital migration is high. Among these consequences, we can mention the weakening of the country's championship status in the international and global arenas, the weakening of championship sports, the negative effects on public sports, the negative role modeling of the junior and teenage athletes, and the weakening of the country's sports leagues. The migration of human capitals in sports indicates a situation in which the capitals that are cultivated at great expense and during exploitation leave the country for various reasons and give many honors and titles to the other countries. The migration of human capital is not only specific to mathematics, physics or scientific fields but this phenomenon has also been seen abundantly in the field of sports in the recent years in the third world countries.
Methodology and Approach
This research work was a descriptive one in terms of practical purpose and the data collection method. In terms of research strategy, this research work was a research mixed with an exploratory approach, which was conducted with qualitative and quantitative study. Also in terms of the philosophical foundations of research, this research work is one of the comparative and inductive researches. In this research work, in the qualitative part, the antecedent and consequential factors of human capital migration in sports were studied, and then in the quantitative part, the importance and prioritization of these factors was determined using the fuzzy Dymetal method. The statistical population of the current research work was the experts of the Ministry of Sports and university professors in the field of management, as experts using the theoretical sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy, 25 of them were considered as the research sample. Regarding the reason for choosing the statistical population, it is necessary to explain that in the selection of people, factors of familiarity with the concept should have been considered in a theoretical and practical way. Therefore, in terms of familiarity with the concept theoretically and theoretically, the university professors and in terms of practical knowledge of the subject, the experts of the Ministry of Sports were selected. Also the data collection tool in the qualitative part is a semi-structured interview that has 7 questions focusing on the causes of human capital migration, its contexts, intervening factors in human capital migration, the consequences of this phenomenon, its social and economic effects, the solutions to prevent the migration of human capitals and strategic measures to prevent the migration of human capitals in sports.In order to analyze the validity of the data collection tool in the qualitative part, the content method and theoretical validity and inter-coder reliability were used, which showed the approval of these two indicators. Also the data collection tool in the quantitative section was a questionnaire that was sent to the experts as an email. The validity and reliability of the data collection tool in the quantitative part was relative content validity (CVR) and reliability with the Cronbach's alpha method. In this research work, the content analysis method with the coding approach and Atlas.ti software were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. Also for the quantitative analysis, the fuzzy Dimetal method was used.
Results and Conclusion
The findings indicate that appropriate conditions in post-escape work situations, expectation of more growth opportunities, progress and excellence, and higher salaries in competing positions are the antecedent factors in human capital flight. Also weakening the position of national sports and strengthening rival countries, the decline of championship sports in the world and international arenas, and the negative role models of adolescents and non-athletes are among the most important are the consequences of human capital flight in sports. It is obvious that the phenomenon of human capital flight in sports has been intensified in the recent years. The factors such as poor facilities, lack of clear vision, lack of material and spiritual support in the country of origin, working conditions, and high wages in destination countries are increasingly contributing to this. Undoubtedly, ignoring the phenomenon of escaping human capital in the field of sports can weaken the position of national sports, reduce its prestige, decline championship sports, and create a wave of lack of motivation. The results of this research work are divided into two parts, qualitative and quantitative, according to its nature.In the qualitative part of the research work, a set of factors related to the phenomenon of human capital migration in sports has been identified using a qualitative study and coding method. These factors include the decline of championship sports in the world and international arena, negative role models for teenagers and young athletes, creating a wave of lack of motivation among young athletes, suitable working and job conditions in work positions after immigration, tendency to modern life, lack of material and spiritual support of human capital, weakening professional leagues of various sports, creating a wave of negative feelings among sports people, weakening the status of national sports and strengthening rival countries using enemies to attack the country's sports, facilities weakness of the origin and extensive organization of the destination, disappointment and the absence of a clear horizon and perspective, higher salaries and wages in competitive positions, the reduction of national prestige in the field of sports, fueling the anonymity of athletes, the deterioration of the popularity and acceptability of athletes. Depletion of sports from human capital, waste of material resources and budget of the Ministry of Sports and waiting for the opportunity to grow, progress and excel more in the competitive position. Also the results of the qualitative part of the research work include the division and prioritization of these components in the form of two categories of antecedent and causal factors and consequential factors. Therefore, the factors, suitable work and job conditions in work situations after migration, trend towards modern life, lack of material and spiritual support for human capital, weak facilities of the origin and extensive organizations of the destination, despair and the absence of a clear horizon and vision, higher salaries and wages in competing positions, the expectation of the opportunity for growth, advancement and excellence in competing positions are considered as factors that influence the phenomenon of human capital migration.

Keywords

• Human Capital Flight
• Migration of Athletes
• Leaving Country by Experts
• Fuzzy Dematel method

Main Subjects

• کارکردهای مدیریت منابع انسانی در ورزش