Human Resource Management in Sports

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Designing a Model of Factors Influencing Psychological Terror Management of Physical Education Teachers: A Grounded Theory

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Urmia, University, Urmia, Iran

2 Professor in Physical Education Management, Urmia University, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Sports Management, Department of Motor behavior and sports management , Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this research was to design a model of factors influencing psychological terror management among physical education teachers in West Azerbaijan Province.
Methodology: This research employed a qualitative approach and utilized the Grounded Theory method. The study's statistical population included all physical education teachers in West Azerbaijan Province. Among them, 18 expert and elite physical education teachers were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods until theoretical saturation was achieved. The data collection tool consisted of semi-structured interviews. To examine the reliability of the data, the test-retest method and two coders' reliability were used. To assess the validity of the data, member checking, triangulation, peer examination, and credibility strategies were employed.
Results: The results of the research, through three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, indicated the extraction of 45 final codes and 17 concepts, within a conceptual model, causal factors (conflictual, individual, organizational, political, and power groups, managerial, cultural), contextual factors (livelihood and economic, social, educational system), intervening conditions (environmental factors, legal void in dealing with psychological terror), the central category (Workplace psychological terror), strategies (coping and prevention), and outcomes (individual, organizational, and social) were categorized that organizational mobbing explained the situation of physical education teachers and showed the relationships between them.
Conclusion: Psychological terror exists among teachers and is an inevitable phenomenon. Therefore, the results of this research can serve as a guide for human resource planners, especially educational managers, to identify and recognize disruptive behaviors in the work environment, to recognize how to deal with and manage the phenomenon of psychological terror, and to reduce its effects, and take adequate measures.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
  1. Uluer Ş. An examination of mobbing actions that physical education and sports teachers are exposed to in the school environment. Hatay Mustafa Kemal University; 2020. P. 1–56.
  2. Işik Ö. Analysis of mobbing (psychological harassment) in the organizational behavior literature. The Journal of International Social Research. 2021 jan 1;14(77–6):1236–49. doi:10.17719/jisr.11576 fatcat:ws4dsbzg4rhlnddey7llpuwace.
  3. Tınaz P. Psychological Harassment (Mobbing) in the Workplace. Istanbul, Beta Printing Publishing; 2011. 246 p. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ct/issue/71833/1155459.
  4. Çobanoğlu Ş. Mobbing: Emotional attacks and struggle methods in the Workplace. Timaş publications; 2005. 256 p. Https://books.google.nl/books?Id=su6ysweacaaj.
  5. Kul M, Yildiz M. İnvestigation on the effects of motivation levels of psychological violence exposure levels on physical education and sport teachers. Turkish stud. 2018;3(4):885–98.
  6. Çetin Z, Özözen Danacı M. Exploring the effect of mobbing in vocational secondary schools on teacher performance. Connecticut: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2021;(6):33–51. Https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1390874.
  7. Eyüp A. Mobbing and organizational relationship: a study on Pamukkale University academicians 2019. Https://gcris.pau.edu.tr/bitstream/11499/26615/1/eyüp asri.pdf.
  8. Gözel Ü, Gözel R. Analysis of primary school teachers' opinions about the mobbing concept, 2022. 1–21 p. Https://ijesp.net/uploadedfiles/journalissues/12/12021-86-637866495758212882.pdf.
  9. Koshazadeh Seyyed A, Asadzadeh M. Presenting a comprehensive model of mobbing in the Workplace, emphasizing educational environments; antecedents, dimensions, and consequences. A Quarterly journal for new approaches in educational management. 2018;9(35):69–90. Https://jedu.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_3320.html. [In Persian]
  10. Molavi Z, Zarei Matin, H & Sohrabi A. Organizational mobbing and organizational agents. Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies. 2019;4(23):1–28. Https://obs.sinaweb.net/article_38111.html. [In Persian]
  11. Ebadi Bashir M. The legal approach to the prevention and combat of mobbing in labor relations. Public Law Studies Quarterly. 2022;52(2):1007–25. https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2020.288760.2162 [In Persian]
  12. Minibas-Poussard J, Seckin Celik T, Bingöl H. Mobbing in higher education: descriptive and inductive case narrative analyses of mobber behavior, mobbee responses, and witness support. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice. 2018 aug 6;18:471–494.
  13. Erol T. An investigation of self-esteem, organizational cynicism, and mobbing levels of staff at the eastern black sea universities. Near East University. Institute of Graduate Studies. Department of General Psychology, Nicosia. 2021. Https://docs.neu.edu.tr/library/9323052087.pdf.
  14. Duffy M, Sperry L. Mobbing: causes, consequences, and solutions. Mobbing: causes, consequences, and solutions. Includes bibliographical references and index. 2012. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380019.001.0001.
  15. Namie G, Sandvik P. Active and passive accomplices: the communal character of workplace bullying. International Journal of Communication. 2010;4(19):343–73. http://ijoc.org.
  16. Acquadro Maran D, Bernardelli S, Varetto A. Mobbing (bullying at work) in Italy: characteristics of successful court cases. Injury & Violence. 2018 jan;10(1):17–24. doi: 10.5249/jivr.v10i1.945.
  17. Türker Mk. Mobbing perception of teachers and academicians in Turkey: a descriptive analysis at public schools and universities. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research. 2021;8(69):1051–65. File:///c:/users/1/downloads/04-8-69.2438-1051-1065.pdf.
  18. Fateh Nejad Koresh, Zarei R. The lived experience of elementary teachers of mobbing and bullying with a phenomenological approach. Quarterly Journal of Education Studies. 2021;26:39 60. [In Persian]
  19. Erdemir B, Demir Çe, Yıldırım Öcal J, Kondakçı Y. Academic mobbing about leadership practices: a new perspective on an old issue. The Educational Forum. 2020;84(2):126–39. https: //doi. org/10. 1080/00131725. 2020. 1698684.
  20. Midgette Y. Teachers’ perspectives on school bullying. A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree. [Doctor Of Education]. A Phenomenological Qualitative Study 2023. Https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/nbk558907/.
  21. Leymann H. The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 1996. Vol. 5, p. 165–84.
  22. Tura B, Yardibi N. Mobbing in educational organizations. Chaos, Complexity and Leadership, 2018. 595 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64554-4_43.
  23. Shvardak M, Halus O, Popovych O, Ivanova V, Molnar T. Anti-mobbing technology in the conditions of an educational institution in Ukraine. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience. 2021 aug 23;12(3):343–62. https: //doi. org/10.18662/brain/12. 3/235.
  24. Choi Y. A study of the influence of workplace ostracism on employees’ performance: the moderating effect of perceived organizational support. European Journal of Management and Business Economics. 2020;29(3):333–45. https: //doi. org/10. 1108/EJMBE-09-2019-0159/full/html.
  25. Prevost C, Hunt E. Bullying and mobbing in academe: a literature review. Laurentian University. 2018 mar 31;14(8):1–15. Https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/10620.
  26. Nanto Z, Boydak Özan M. The investigation of mobbing status teachers faced in it. University journal of educational research. 2015;2(3):112–28.
  27. Özçelik S. Teachers' perceptions of psychological violence (mobbing) "A screening in public primary schools in the Anatolian side of Istanbul". Master's Thesis, Maltepe University, Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul. 2015. Http://repositorio.unan.edu.ni/2986/1/5624.pdf.
  28. Leymann H. Mobbing and psychological terror at workplaces. Violence Vict. 1990;5(2):119–26. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.2.119.
  29. Burfeind C. Recognizing and understanding mobbing in the Workplace, essentials, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, a part of Springer Nature. Vol. 71. 2020. 9–12 p. Http://dnb.d-nb.de.
  30. Karatepe R, Aygar Bb, Gündüz S. The relationship between mobbing behaviors experienced by teachers and their feeling of relative deprivation. Education Quarterly Reviews. Educ q rev. 2022;5(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=4043504.
  31. Özkuşcu E, Ihtiyaroğlu N. Özkuşçu E, Ihtiyaroğlu N. Analyzing mobbing behaviors of school principals and teachers according to their perceptions, Erciyes Journal of Education. 2021 dec 8;5(1):23–50. Https://doi.org/10.32433/eje.896928.
  32. Tutar H, Tuzcuoglu F, Sarkhanov T. The mediating role of organizational cynicism in the relationship between workplace incivility and organizational silence. TEM Journal. 2021 may 27;10(2):563–72. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.2438.
  33. Mirian N. Mobbing and inclusion: an empirical school comparison with a view to constructivist prevention measures. Cologne University. Cologne, Germany. 2020. 337 p. Https://compress-pdf.obar.info/.
  34. Zapf D. Organisational, work group-related, and personal causes of mobbing/bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower. 1999 jan 1;20(1/2):70–85. Https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729910268669.
  35. Peker S, Inandı Y, Gilic F. The relationship between the leadership styles (autocratic and democratic) of school administrators and the mobbing teachers suffers. European Journal of Contemporary Education. 2018 mar 18;7(1):150–64. doi: 10. 13187/ejected. 2018. 1. 150.
  36. Daçci Sönmez E, Cemaloğlu N. The relationship between the leadership styles of primary school administrators and the mobbing and organizational silence behaviors experienced by teachers. Kastamonu Education Journal. 2018;26(6):1951–60. Https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/571666.
  37. Özkan Tilki Tz, Güney S, Camgöz Sm. Serial mediation effects in the relationships between mobbing, organizational cynicism, job satisfaction, and intention to leave: research on disabled employees in organizations. Psychol studies - Studies in Psychology. 2021;41(1):199–229. https://doi. org/10. 26650/SP2020-0008.
  38. Arslantaş I, Inandi Y, Ataş M. The Relationship between Mobbing Towards Teachers and Psychological Resilience in Educational Institutions. In: Education Quarterly Reviews. 2021;4(1):39–49. Http://dx.doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.04.01.172.
  39. Fu X, Li S, Shen C, Zhu K, Zhang M, Liu Y, Et Al. Effect of prosocial behavior on school bullying victimization among children and adolescents: peer and student-teacher relationships as mediators. Journal of Adolescence. 2023 feb;95(2):322–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12116.
  40. İnandi Y, Büyüközkan A. The relationship between mobbing, alienation, and burnout among teachers in Mersin, Turkey. South African Journal of Education. 2022;42(1):1–12. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-0957.
  41. Efilti E, Nazlı B, Eid K. Opinions of special education teachers on mobbing. African Educational Research Journal. 2020;8(8):170–9. doi: 10. 30918/aerj. 8s2. 20. 045.
  42. Kaya E, Onağ Z. Opinions about mobbing of team athletes: a qualitative research. Opinions about mobbing: qualitative research. National Journal of Sports Sciences. 2020;4(2):127–48. Https://doi.org/10.30769/usbd.786441.
  43. Kvale S. Interviews: An Introduction To Qualitative Research Interviewing.Sage Publications. 1996.
  44. Kambur E. The moderator effect of the perceived quality of meal service on the relationship between mobbing, job stress, and job performance. Journal of Administrative Sciences. 2022;20(44):253–78.
  45. Mercanlıoğlu Ç. The causes and consequences of psychological harassment (mobbing) in working life and its legal development in Turkey. Journal of Organization and Management Sciences. 2010;2(2):37–46. Https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/oybd/issue/16336/171026.
  46. Davenport N Z, Elliott G E, Schwartz R D. Mobbing (psychological harassment in the Workplace). Journal of the Union of Turkish Bar Associations. 2009. 318–352 p. Https://Www.Kitapyurdu.Com/Kitap/Mobbing-Is-Yerinde-Psikolojik-Taciz/340021.Html.
  47. Blase J, Du F. The mistreated teacher: a national study, Journal of Educational Administration. 2008 jan 1;46(3):263–301. Https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230810869257.
  48. Çelebi N, Kaya Gt. Öğretmenlerin Maruz Kaldığı Mobbing (Yıldırma). Eğitim Ve Insani Bilim Derg [Internet]. 2014;5(9):43–66. Available From: Https://Dergipark.Org.Tr/En/Download/Article-File/210487.
  49. Tutar H. Mobbing ( Nedenleri Ve Başa Çıkma Stratejileri : Kuramsal Yaklaşım ) [Internet]. 2015. 270 P.Https://Www.Amazon.Com.Tr/Mobbing-Nedenleri-Stratejileri-Kuramsal-aklaşım/Dp/6054940805#.
  50. Azmoun J. Family And Physical Education. J Phys Educ Dev [Internet]. 2009;11(2):21–7. Available From: Https://Www.Roshdmag.Ir/Fa/Magazine2/Showissue/231.
  51. Çoban O, Yıldırım M, Caz Ç. An Analysis of Professional Alienation in Academics. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 2019;7(2):450–6. Https://www.hrpub.org/download/20190130/ujer17-19512595.pdf.
  52. Koç H, Kurtbaş D. The Relationship Between Mobbing The Academics Are Exposed To And The Organizational Commitment: A Study In The Public And Private Universities. Int J Acad Res Accounting, Financ Manag Sci. 2011;1(2):17.
  53. Van Heugten K. Bullying Of Social Workers: Outcomes Of A Grounded Study Into Impacts And Interventions. Br J Soc Work [Internet]. 2010 Mar 1;40(2):638–55. Available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Bjsw/Bcp003.
  54. Franceschi JM, Luis J, Ayala M, Europea U, Vasco P. Psychological harassment at work (Mobbing) and its impact on work climate and performance in teachers of the public school system in the southern area of Puerto Rico. MLS Psychology Research. 2021;4(1):79–98. https://doi.org/10.33000/mlspr.v4i1.642
  55. Aytaç T. The Effect Of Tenure On Mobbing Experienced By Teachers In Schools: A Meta-Analysis. Educ Adm Theory Pract. 2015 Jul 30;21.
  56. İbiloğlu, A. O. (2020). Mobbing (psychological violence) in different aspects. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar, 12(3), 330-341.‏ http://dx.doi.org/10.18863/pgy.543354.
Human Resource Management in Sports
Volume 12, Issue 2
June 2025
Pages 231-254
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics