Reza Abdollahi Godollo; Seyyed Mohammad Kashef; Roghayeh sarlab
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to design a model of factors influencing psychological terror management among physical education teachers in West Azerbaijan Province.
Methodology: This research employed a qualitative approach and utilized the Grounded Theory method. The study's statistical ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this research was to design a model of factors influencing psychological terror management among physical education teachers in West Azerbaijan Province.
Methodology: This research employed a qualitative approach and utilized the Grounded Theory method. The study's statistical population included all physical education teachers in West Azerbaijan Province. Among them, 18 expert and elite physical education teachers were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods until theoretical saturation was achieved. The data collection tool consisted of semi-structured interviews. To examine the reliability of the data, the test-retest method and two coders' reliability were used. To assess the validity of the data, member checking, triangulation, peer examination, and credibility strategies were employed.
Results: The results of the research, through three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, indicated the extraction of 45 final codes and 17 concepts, within a conceptual model, causal factors (conflictual, individual, organizational, political, and power groups, managerial, cultural), contextual factors (livelihood and economic, social, educational system), intervening conditions (environmental factors, legal void in dealing with psychological terror), the central category (Workplace psychological terror), strategies (coping and prevention), and outcomes (individual, organizational, and social) were categorized that organizational mobbing explained the situation of physical education teachers and showed the relationships between them.
Conclusion: Psychological terror exists among teachers and is an inevitable phenomenon. Therefore, the results of this research can serve as a guide for human resource planners, especially educational managers, to identify and recognize disruptive behaviors in the work environment, to recognize how to deal with and manage the phenomenon of psychological terror, and to reduce its effects, and take adequate measures.
hakimeh motefakeri; Najaf aghaei; Fariba Askarian; Mohammad hasan Peymanfar
Abstract
Objective: The current research has studied the position of human capital and the quality of education in the ecosystem of sports startups in Iran.
Methodology: The nature of the research is qualitative and exploratory. To collect data, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 experts ...
Read More
Objective: The current research has studied the position of human capital and the quality of education in the ecosystem of sports startups in Iran.
Methodology: The nature of the research is qualitative and exploratory. To collect data, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 experts in the field of entrepreneurship and sports startups, including founders of sports startups, managers of science and technology parks and growth centers, university professors, and elites in the field of sports entrepreneurship. Sampling was purposeful. Then the data was analyzed by the thematic analysis method.
Results: The results showed that educational content and policies can play a role in the sports startup ecosystem through technical, communication, and management training, needs assessment and educational goal setting, entrepreneurial orientation training, educational procedures, evaluation system, and educational and research infrastructures. Human capital also plays a crucial role in the sports startup ecosystem, encompassing the knowledge and skills required by startup businesses, the entrepreneurial capabilities and cognitive characteristics of entrepreneurs, agile and dynamic management, and effective team-building capabilities.
Conclusion: The human capital factor and its education, as two important pillars of the sports startup ecosystem, require serious attention in our country. In this context, sports policymakers should invest in the development of education and research to improve the quality of human capital and promote it in the startup ecosystem. Additionally, the prevailing atmosphere in our schools and universities is not conducive to developing the human resources required for entrepreneurial or startup activities. Therefore, revising the courses offered in schools and universities can be an important step toward improving the ecosystem. Developing industry-university relations will be fruitful both in the field of formal and informal education and in creating an entrepreneurial spirit and orientation. Furthermore, education extends beyond individuals and students to inform and educate officials and policymakers, playing a crucial role in enhancing human capital quality and fostering a thriving ecosystem.
Ali Afrouzeh; Farzaneh Majidi; Mohammad Hemmati Nejad
Abstract
Objective: This research aimed to examine the lived experiences of physical education teachers concerning the challenges of implementing inclusive sports in schools.
Methodology: A qualitative approach was employed for this study. Participants were purposefully selected using snowball sampling, comprising ...
Read More
Objective: This research aimed to examine the lived experiences of physical education teachers concerning the challenges of implementing inclusive sports in schools.
Methodology: A qualitative approach was employed for this study. Participants were purposefully selected using snowball sampling, comprising physical education teachers from regular schools who had at least one student with physical disabilities in their class during the academic year. This ensured their direct involvement in inclusive sports and relevant experience in this area. Ultimately, 12 physical education teachers were chosen as the sample for the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted via telephone. Given the advantages of thematic analysis—such as flexibility, the ability to summarize large volumes of data, and the capacity to analyze and develop policy-related insights—the researchers utilized this method for data interpretation.
Results: Data analysis revealed that the challenges of implementing inclusive physical education included individual characteristics, a lack of scientific and professional preparedness among teachers, the competitive nature of sports, inadequate environments and equipment, varying levels of student learning, insufficient support systems, and a lack of focus on training teachers in the principles of inclusive sports.
Conclusion: Data analysis indicated that the current state of inclusive sports implementation in schools is unsatisfactory. Despite numerous challenges, such as inadequate environments and equipment, as well as insufficient support at both micro and macro levels, physical education teachers are pivotal to the success or failure of inclusive sports implementation. Unlike other challenges that may require significant time and financial resources to address, training physical education teachers demands comparatively less investment. It can yield a more profound impact on the implementation of inclusive sports in schools. Therefore, developing a curriculum focused on inclusive physical education within the undergraduate program at Farhangian University, along with offering in-service training courses in this area, can significantly facilitate the program's implementation in the short term.
Nahid Ghavipanjeh; maryam hoseini; Halimeh Piri
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to design a postmodern career path model in sports organizations.
Methodology: The research employed a qualitative methodology with a thematic analysis approach. Participants included professors of sports management, managers, and experts from sports organizations. ...
Read More
Objective: This study was conducted to design a postmodern career path model in sports organizations.
Methodology: The research employed a qualitative methodology with a thematic analysis approach. Participants included professors of sports management, managers, and experts from sports organizations. The criteria for inclusion in the study comprised sufficient experience in sports management, familiarity with human resource training topics, relevant research or practical experience in sports organizations, and the ability to understand and analyze issues related to the development of career paths in sports organizations. Additionally, participants were required to be actively engaged in educational processes or human resource management to contribute to the analysis of the research topic effectively. These criteria ensure that the selected individuals possess adequate mastery over the research issue and can provide specialized and practical insights during interviews. Based on the theoretical saturation criterion and utilizing purposive sampling, a total of 14 interviews were conducted. The primary research tool was semi-structured exploratory interviews.
Results: The analysis of the research findings regarding the design of a postmodern career path model in sports organizations revealed that multiple factors influence the development of this model. These factors include networking and internships, specialized skills, autonomy in job design, technology integration, job flexibility, continuous professional development, utilization of personal experiences, alignment of individual characteristics with job features, and sustainable growth of career paths.
Conclusion: Sports organizations should focus on empowering employees through continuous learning and enhancing professional connections by fostering a flexible culture and supporting innovation to ensure strategic growth and sustainability.
Mahbobeh Shokohiniya; Gholamreza Khaksari; Majid Solimani; Adel Afkar
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a model for postponing employee retirement in sports organizations.
Methodology: This research adopted a qualitative approach using grounded theory. It was fundamental and field-based in terms of data collection. The statistical population included ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a model for postponing employee retirement in sports organizations.
Methodology: This research adopted a qualitative approach using grounded theory. It was fundamental and field-based in terms of data collection. The statistical population included experts and specialists in organizational management, sports management faculty members, managers of sports organizations, personnel from the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and sports and youth departments with over 25 years of work experience. Participants were selected purposefully and included those with publications, research, teaching experience in the study’s field, and managers of organizations related to pension funds. Interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached (17 participants). Data analysis was performed using open, axial, and selective coding with a grounded theory qualitative approach.
Results: The model for postponing employee retirement in sports organizations is influenced by causal conditions (individual characteristics, personality traits, job and family-related factors). It incorporates extracted strategies (motivational and job-related), which are affected by contextual conditions (managerial, organizational culture, and organizational regulations) and intervening conditions (economic, health, unemployment, and job-related challenges). These factors can lead to psychological and professional outcomes.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is recommended that sports organizations develop motivational and career advancement programs for experienced employees. Additionally, revising organizational regulations and fostering a suitable culture can create better conditions for these employees to continue their work. Providing facilities and health and psychological support for older employees can also increase their motivation to remain active.
Milad Sheikh Hoseini; Akbar Jaberi; Koorosh Ghahreman Tabrizi,
Abstract
Objective: Considering the prevalence of virtual violence against celebrities in recent years, the purpose of this research was to identify the factors behind cyber violence against famous football players.
Methodology: This research was an applied study conducted using a qualitative approach. Data ...
Read More
Objective: Considering the prevalence of virtual violence against celebrities in recent years, the purpose of this research was to identify the factors behind cyber violence against famous football players.
Methodology: This research was an applied study conducted using a qualitative approach. Data collection was done by reviewing theoretical foundations, articles, theses, and semi-structured interviews. The research population included fans with experience in social networks. The participants in the research were interviewed by purposeful sampling according to the nature of qualitative research. The validity and reliability of the research findings were assessed using the Guba and Lincoln method. The analysis of data was done using thematic analysis.
Results: The findings showed that managerial factors, technical factors, unprofessional behaviors are sports factors, cultural factors, social factors, economic factors, geographical factors, laws and regulations, and the media are the environmental factors, and personality factors and psychological factors are the individual causes of virtual violence against famous football people in social networks.
Conclusion: According to the findings, the occurrence of virtual violence can be defined as the result of a set of various sports, environmental, and personality factors, and preventing this phenomenon requires a cross-sectoral approach by institutions and authorities. Given the multidimensionality of the causes of virtual violence, the coordination of various institutions involved in sports and culture can provide the conditions for adjusting the atmosphere of violence in cyberspace.
Majid Khorsandifard; Mohammad Keshtidar; Ehsan Hasannezhad; Batool Vatankhah
Abstract
Objective: This research aimed to analyze and identify the light triad of personality, investigating its impact on flip management among managers, with family cohesion in sports managers serving as a mediating role.
Methodology: This study was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and exploratory type ...
Read More
Objective: This research aimed to analyze and identify the light triad of personality, investigating its impact on flip management among managers, with family cohesion in sports managers serving as a mediating role.
Methodology: This study was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and exploratory type of research that was conducted in the field. In the qualitative part, the data were collected through interviews with sports management experts and sports psychologists using a semi-structured interview method and analyzed using Glaser's grounded theory method. Then, evaluation and ranking were done by using the interpretive structural combined method - Fuzzy Dematel. In the quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 234 sports managers after verifying its validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling by MaxQDA 2020 and SmartPLS3 software.
Results: The results of the qualitative part showed that the light triad of sports managers' personality includes six main components, and in the stratification of these factors, personal strength, adaptability, and support at the first level, empathic communication and emotional intelligence at the second level, and communication skills at the third level. Were placed. The results of the quantitative part showed that the manifestation of the clear triad of personality has a positive and significant effect on the management of flipping, and family cohesion plays a mediating role in this relationship.
Conclusion: This research demonstrated that the positive personality traits of sports managers significantly contribute to effective management, with this effect being further strengthened by family cohesion. Moreover, in the selection and evaluation of sports managers, in addition to technical skills, positive personality traits, and the ability to create balance should be considered. Pay special attention to the balance between work and family life.
Ahmad Moradi; Nahid Darooghe Arefi
Abstract
Objective: Abusive supervision, as a clear manifestation of destructive leadership, is a complex social issue that has long been present in work environments, imposing significant costs on organizations and employees. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of abusive supervision on organizational ...
Read More
Objective: Abusive supervision, as a clear manifestation of destructive leadership, is a complex social issue that has long been present in work environments, imposing significant costs on organizations and employees. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of abusive supervision on organizational citizenship behavior, with the mediating role of employees' engagement in sports and youth departments.
Methodology: This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The research population comprised all employees of the sports and youth departments in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. A total population sampling method was used to select 106 participants. Data were collected using three standard questionnaires: abusive supervision by Tepper (2000), employee engagement of Shuck et al. (2017), and Oregon and Kanowski's citizenship behavior (1996). Structural equations, incorporating the variance-based approach, regression, and path analysis, were used to test the research hypotheses.
Results: The results showed that abusive supervision has a negative and significant effect on citizenship behavior and work engagement. Also, work engagement has a direct and significant effect on citizenship behavior. Furthermore, it was shown that work engagement has a mediating role in the effect of abusive supervision on citizenship behavior.
Conclusion: According to the results, abusive and insulting behaviors that managers usually use to pressure employees to make them work harder not only do not motivate them to perform the main tasks, but also destroy voluntary or extra-role behaviors by reducing work engagement. Therefore, managers/supervisors should refrain from such abusive behavior.
Nadiya Zolfaghari; Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi
Abstract
Objective: Professional sports, as a pivotal field for promoting the economy, culture, and communication of the Iranian sports sector, face challenges such as human and cultural discrimination. These challenges affect not only the stadium environment and team management but also players and fans. The ...
Read More
Objective: Professional sports, as a pivotal field for promoting the economy, culture, and communication of the Iranian sports sector, face challenges such as human and cultural discrimination. These challenges affect not only the stadium environment and team management but also players and fans. The purpose of this study is to develop scenarios for addressing apartheid management styles in Iranian professional sports clubs, focusing on human and cultural discrimination.
Methodology: The present study employed a qualitative approach, combining data-based theory with the Charms constructivist framework. In this study, a multi-faceted scenario planning approach was employed to develop future scenarios for addressing the apartheid management style in Iranian professional sports clubs, utilizing stakeholders' perspectives on critical trends and uncertainties to create action-oriented strategies. The participants of the present analytical and exploratory research included 23 domestic and foreign stakeholders of Iranian professional sports who were selected based on purposive sampling. Data collection was done by interview and an open questionnaire. Data analysis was done with Leipzig and Rolandberger’s six-step scenario-writing model.
Results: After implementing the six-step scenario-writing process, the output of the 360-degree stakeholder feedback tool included 29 main factors that could potentially influence the future of confronting the apartheid management style in Iranian professional sports clubs. Two key uncertainties were identified: "the impact of government policies and legal regulations on sports management" and "the impact of sanctions and financial needs on sports management." Four scenarios were presented. Finally, the strategy of "Sports cohesion: achieving justice and financial sustainability" was presented as the primary strategy of this research.
Conclusion: Cohesion helps strengthen trust between members of the sports community, creates a sense of fairness and justice in access to sports opportunities, and increases the financial sustainability and better performance of clubs.
Tahmaseb Shirvani
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a pattern of job enthusiasm among employees in the sports and youth departments of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.
Methodology: This exploratory qualitative research utilized the grounded theory method. The research population consisted of faculty ...
Read More
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a pattern of job enthusiasm among employees in the sports and youth departments of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.
Methodology: This exploratory qualitative research utilized the grounded theory method. The research population consisted of faculty members in sports management, as well as managers and experts in human resource management. A purposive sampling method was applied employing the snowball technique. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, totaling 19 interviews, with theoretical saturation achieved after 17 interviews. The data were analyzed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. To confirm reliability, the test-retest method and recoding by other researchers were employed. Three interviews were recorded, resulting in an inter-rater reliability of 88%.
Results: The results showed that a total of 140 non-repeating initial codes were generated during the open coding process. These codes were grouped into 16 concepts based on thematic similarity. Then, these concepts were placed into six categories. These concepts and categories include: causal conditions (individual factors, organizational factors); background conditions (job factors); interfering factors (environmental conditions and limiting factors); central category (work enthusiasm, mental enthusiasm, supportive enthusiasm, and value enthusiasm); strategies (employee empowerment and training, improving the quality of work life, paying attention to health and organizational justice, and promoting employee-manager relations); and consequences (personal development, organizational development, and trans-organizational development).
Conclusion: To fully realize the benefits of fostering job enthusiasm among employees, it is essential to implement strategies focused on training and empowerment, health and organizational justice, improving the quality of work life, and strengthening employee-manager relationships. Based on the findings, managers of sports and youth departments in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province are advised to use the proposed pattern as a practical guide to enhance employee job enthusiasm.
Mohsen Vahdani; Amir Hossein Labbaf
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by volunteers during the 16th Cultural and Sports Olympiad for male university students in Iran, hosted by the University of Isfahan.
Methodology: The research method was qualitative and applied with a specific purpose. The study population ...
Read More
Objective: This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by volunteers during the 16th Cultural and Sports Olympiad for male university students in Iran, hosted by the University of Isfahan.
Methodology: The research method was qualitative and applied with a specific purpose. The study population included event volunteers and managers. Participants were selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in interviews with 15 volunteers and five managers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews lasting 20 to 30 minutes each. Braun and Clarke's six-step method was used for data analysis. Strategies such as rich descriptions, ethical considerations, peer review, critical friends, and member checking were employed to ensure the credibility of the findings.
Results: The results revealed four main themes: managerial challenges, support and empowerment challenges, emotional and motivational challenges, and social and cultural challenges. Managerial challenges included four sub-themes: time management and planning, volunteer organization, communication and team coordination, and legal and contractual issues. Support and empowerment challenges encompassed four sub-themes: provision of equipment and financial resources, physical support and care, training and capacity building, and safety and security. Emotional and motivational challenges included two sub-themes: volunteer motivation and satisfaction, and psychological-emotional difficulties. Finally, social and cultural challenges consisted of two sub-themes: interpersonal conflicts and issues, and cultural challenges.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the training and empowerment process of volunteers in sporting events requires precise planning and the implementation of appropriate training programs. Additionally, proper support, specialized capacity-building in various dimensions, and addressing volunteers' basic needs (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) can significantly mitigate potential challenges.
Hosein Taheri; mohammad zare abandansari; Hamed Kheirollahi Meidani
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to qualitatively analyze effective human resource management strategies in support of the career prospects of professional athletes in Iran.
Methodology: This research was applied in nature and conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological ...
Read More
Objective: The present study aimed to qualitatively analyze effective human resource management strategies in support of the career prospects of professional athletes in Iran.
Methodology: This research was applied in nature and conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological design. The study participants included experts relevant to the subject. The sampling method was purposive. Data collection was carried out through 19 semi-structured interviews, and the data analysis was performed using MAXQDA software version 2020. To assess the validity, the criteria of transferability, dependability, and confirmability were utilized. Additionally, for reliability assessment, the inter-coder agreement method was applied, and the feedback from sports management experts was incorporated to enhance the accuracy and credibility of the analysis.
Results: According to the findings, 121 sub-themes were identified in the form of 8 main themes, training and development of non-sports skills, development of career opportunities, career path planning, financial support and economic security of athletes, psychological support, injury management and sports rehabilitation, continuous monitoring and evaluation of performance, and social and cultural support.
Conclusion: Designing a sustainable career path for professional athletes requires a multidimensional approach that encompasses all their professional, economic, psychological, social, and cultural aspects. Creating comprehensive models that benefit from specialized training, psychological and financial support, and the use of modern technologies helps improve the quality of life of athletes.
